macOS 新安装记录

09 Mar, 2025

用了一年的 macOS 不知为何时不时就弹出来风火轮，很是恼火。虽然是 M1 Pro 老机器了，但性能应该还过得去。索性抹掉系统重新安装，记录一下最常用的一些命令行工具和 homebrew、conda 配置，以后要是再重装或者换新设备可能还用得到。

1. 安装 `homebrew`

homebrew 当然是最重要的，不然 macOS 就没法玩了。

# 参考 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/

xcode-select --install

# 环境变量临时设置清华源
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"
export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple"

# 从清华源安装 homebrew
git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install
/bin/bash brew-install/install.sh
rm -rf brew-install

# 也可从 GitHub 获取官方安装脚本安装 homebrew
# /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL <https://github.com/Homebrew/install/raw/master/install.sh>)"

# 根据安装脚本后续提示执行，这些环境会被执行并写在 .zprofile
echo >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo '# Homebrew PATH 设置' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
echo '# Homebrew 镜像源环境变量' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo '# Set non-default Git remotes for Homebrew/brew and Homebrew/homebrew-core.' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"

# 继续写入部分环境
echo 'export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"' >> ~/.zprofile
export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

# 健康检查
brew doctor

2. 通过 `homebrew` 安装必备软件

通过 homebrew 可以方便安装一些必备的图形界面软件和终端工具：

# 安装图形界面应用程序，通常会被安装到 /Applications
brew install --cask 1password visual-studio-code keka orbstack zotero vivaldi iterm2 tabby pearcleaner bartender raycast macupdater find-any-file pictogram shottr google-chrome notion iina telegram input-source-pro

# 安装必备终端工具，通常会被安装到 /opt/homebrew
brew install git wget curl htop bat jq fastfetch

# 安装终端字体 maple-font
brew install --cask font-maple-mono-nf-cn

# 定期维护
brew update && brew upgrade

3. 使用 `Ghostty` 作为终端模拟器

虽然 iTerm2 很好了，但是有新的性能更好的 Ghostty 也可以试试看。

brew install --cask ghostty

在用的 Ghostty 配置如下：

# Config generated by Ghostty Config

scrollback-limit = 100000
clipboard-read = allow
clipboard-write = allow
window-save-state = "always"
window-theme = dark
window-padding-x = 10
window-padding-y = 2,10
window-padding-balance = true
background-opacity = 0.85
background-blur = 30
theme = GruvboxDarkHard
bold-is-bright = true
background = #1d2021
foreground = #ebdbb2
selection-background = #665c54
selection-foreground = #ebdbb2
selection-invert-fg-bg = true
cursor-color = #ebdbb2
cursor-text = #1d2021
cursor-style-blink = true
palette = 0=#1d2021
palette = 1=#cc241d
palette = 2=#98971a
palette = 3=#d79921
palette = 4=#458588
palette = 5=#b16286
palette = 6=#689d6a
palette = 7=#a89984
palette = 8=#928374
palette = 9=#fb4934
palette = 10=#b8bb26
palette = 11=#fabd2f
palette = 12=#83a598
palette = 13=#d3869b
palette = 14=#8ec07c
palette = 15=#ebdbb2
font-thicken = true
font-family = "Maple Mono NF CN"
adjust-cell-width = -5%
grapheme-width-method = "unicode"

4. 通过 `homebrew` 安装 `zsh`：

从 macOS Catalina 版本开始默认预装了 zsh（Z shell），并且将其作为默认的 shell，取代了之前的 bash。但是预装的 zsh 位于系统保护目录下 /bin/zsh ，版本可能较为陈旧且无法修改。通过 homebrew 安装的 zsh 位于 /opt/homebrew/bin/zsh，可获得最新版本、更灵活的自定义选项、更新支持、以及便捷的管理方式。

brew install zsh

zsh 拥有多个配置文件，其中两种常用的是 .zprofile（登录 shell）和 .zshrc（交互式 shell）。 .zprofile 只在登录时执行一次，如系统启动后首次打开终端。.zshrc 则每次新开终端窗口/标签页都会执行。

先前的 homebrew 相关环境配置应该存放在 .zprofile 中，避免每次打开终端都要重复加载。当前 .zprofile 内容应该如下：

# Homebrew PATH 设置
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
# Homebrew 镜像源环境变量
# Set non-default Git remotes for Homebrew/brew and Homebrew/homebrew-core.
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

# Added by OrbStack: command-line tools and integration
# This won't be added again if you remove it.
source ~/.orbstack/shell/init.zsh 2>/dev/null || :

安装 zsh 的 3 个插件

brew install zsh-autosuggestions zsh-completions zsh-syntax-highlighting

根据输出，创建 .zshrc 并在 .zshrc 末尾完善配置内容

# zsh-autosuggestions
source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh

# zsh-completions
if type brew &>/dev/null; then
  FPATH="$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh-completions:$FPATH"
  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
fi

# zsh-syntax-highlighting
source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

并在终端执行完善安装

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

chmod go-w '/opt/homebrew/share'
chmod -R go-w '/opt/homebrew/share/zsh'

同样，上面安装的 curl 也需要完善配置

echo >> /Users/miao/.zprofile
echo '# 使用 Homebrew 的 curl 替代系统 curl' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/curl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zprofile

# 刷新 zsh 配置
source ~/.zprofile
source ~/.zshrc

如果经常编译软件，也可以在 .zprofile 加上这些

export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/curl/lib $LDFLAGS"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/curl/include $CPPFLAGS"

5. 安装 `powerlevel10k` 主题

# 拉取项目并 zsh 配置
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ~/powerlevel10k
echo -e '\nsource ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme' >> ~/.zshrc

# 刷新 zsh 配置
source ~/.zshrc

6. 安装 `atuin` 管理命令历史

# 通过官方脚本安装
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://setup.atuin.sh | sh

# 导入现有的 zsh 命令历史
atuin import zsh

7. 安装 `miniconda`

没有 conda 还怎么玩 Python 呢？环境太复杂。

# 安装 miniconda
curl -O https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh
bash ~/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh
conda init zsh

# 清空所有 Conda 频道
conda config --remove-key channels
# 防止 Conda 自动添加 defaults
conda config --remove-key default_channels

# 添加清华源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
conda config --set show_channel_urls true

# 始终优先使用 Conda-Forge
conda config --set channel_priority strict

# 检查当前 conda 环境配置文件
# 如果输出多个配置文件，只保留 /Users/<your_username>/.condarc 的全局配置
conda config --show-sources

必须注意源的顺序，conda-forge 必须在最前面，否则会出现包依赖版本冲突！最终 /Users/<your_username>/.condarc 内容是

channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
channel_priority: strict
show_channel_urls: true

更新软件包

# 清理缓存
conda clean --all

# 更新
conda update --all
conda update python

创建新的环境，免得 base 环境搞乱：

conda create -n learn python=3
conda activate learn

安装必备的 R 环境，装做一个爱学习的人

conda install r-base r-essentials r-irkernel jupyterlab
R -e 'IRkernel::installspec(user = TRUE)'

在 .zshrc 中定义默认启动 learn 环境：

echo >> /Users/<your_username>/.zshrc
echo '# 激活 learn 独立 conda 环境' >> /Users/miao/.zshrc
echo 'conda activate learn' >> /Users/miao/.zshrc

最终总的 .zshrc 是

# Enable Powerlevel10k instant prompt. Should stay close to the top of ~/.zshrc.
# Initialization code that may require console input (password prompts, [y/n]
# confirmations, etc.) must go above this block; everything else may go below.
if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then
  source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh"
fi

# 加载 powerlevel10k 主题
source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme

# To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
[[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh

# atuin
. "$HOME/.atuin/bin/env"
eval "$(atuin init zsh)"

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/Users/miao/miniconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.zsh' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/Users/miao/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/Users/miao/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/Users/miao/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

# 激活 learn 独立 conda 环境
conda activate learn

# zsh-autosuggestions
source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh

# zsh-completions
if type brew &>/dev/null; then
  FPATH="$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh-completions:$FPATH"
  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
fi

# zsh-syntax-highlighting
source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

8. 安装 `helix`：

Helix -- A Kakoune / Neovim inspired editor, written in Rust.

开箱即用、vim-like 的免配置免折腾的现代终端代码编辑器，比 nano、vim 之类的好用多了。在 Linux 上也应该用这个。

brew install helix

9. 配置 Tabby 的 1Password SSH 认证

Tabby 暂未适配 1Password 的 IdentityAgent，只能曲线救国了：

# 注意：需要在 1Password 设置中启用 SSH Agent 功能
# 1Password -> Settings -> Developer -> Use the SSH agent
# 参考 https://github.com/Eugeny/tabby/discussions/5939

cat << EOF > ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.1password.SSH_AUTH_SOCK.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>Label</key>
  <string>com.1password.SSH_AUTH_SOCK</string>
  <key>ProgramArguments</key>
  <array>
<string>/bin/sh</string>
<string>-c</string>
<string>/bin/ln -sf $HOME/Library/Group\ Containers/2BUA8C4S2C.com.1password/t/agent.sock \$SSH_AUTH_SOCK</string>
  </array>
  <key>RunAtLoad</key>
  <true/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.1password.SSH_AUTH_SOCK.plist

10. 防止 `CursorUIViewService` 进程卡死

咖喱味的 macOS 不知道从哪一个版本开始就出现辣鸡 CursorUIViewService 进程时不时卡死。这个进程是指示大小写切换。曲线救国，在进程卡死的时候强制 kill 并重启。

从源码编译：

# 参考 https://github.com/ktiays/fcuvs

brew install cmake

git clone https://github.com/ktiays/fcuvs.git && cd fcuvs

env CC=/usr/bin/clang CXX=/usr/bin/clang++ cmake -B build/release -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build/release

sudo cp build/release/fcuvs /usr/local/bin/

cat << EOF > ~/Library/LaunchAgents/me.ktiays.fcuvs.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>me.ktiays.fcuvs</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
	<array>
		<string>/usr/local/bin/fcuvs</string>
	</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<true/>
<key>WorkingDirectory</key>
	<string>/var/tmp</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/me.ktiays.fcuvs.plist

11. 避免移动和网络设备上出现 `.DS_Store`

.DS_Store 是苹果用来存储文件夹的自定义显示属性的隐藏文件，但是也会在移动硬盘之类的移动设备中也出现，再使用 Windows 等其他操作系统打开时会很恶心，主要是这玩意儿在移动设备上真没必要。

defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores -bool true
defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores -bool true

如果已经出现，可以用命令清除当前路径及子目录下的所有 .DS_Store

find . -name '.DS_Store' -type f -delete

12. 为 VSCode 配置好看的 Monokai Pro 主题

Monokai Pro 是一款超美的 VSCode 和 Sublime Text 主题。通过算号器获得的激活码：

# 算号器 https://maximilionus.github.io/monokai_pro_keygen/

email: this@monokai.pro
vscode key: 7d679-6e993-57473-70ebe-63e17
sublime text key: fbb0c-1710a-eb873-f778e-2b0c5

推荐使用正版 Monokai Pro 主题，或者先试用免费版本。

macOS 新安装记录

1. 安装 homebrew

2. 通过 homebrew 安装必备软件

3. 使用 Ghostty 作为终端模拟器

4. 通过 homebrew 安装 zsh：

5. 安装 powerlevel10k 主题

6. 安装 atuin 管理命令历史

7. 安装 miniconda

8. 安装 helix：